Elon Musk經典演講：Next Big Thing

最近矽谷科技風向標則指向Elon Musk宣布創辦Neuralink公司。其實早在2015年這間就已是專門研究腦部損傷的醫療公司，在2016被Elon Musk以數萬美元購買其的專利。這位野心勃勃的企業家的下一個目標，即是挑戰「升級」人類的大腦，來到意念傳輸的時代。

伊隆·馬斯克Elon Musk（1971年6月28日）

WHO
從小在南非長大，對電腦與新科技充滿興趣，12歲靠著自學編寫程式；喜愛閱讀科幻小說，成為啟發他發展太空事業的原點。馬克思跨足領導四種完全不同類型的企業，並進行技術整合的能力，被喻為真人版的「鋼鐵人」。

WHAT
馬斯克考進史丹佛大學的物理博士班，念了兩天就休學，爾後連續創設了幾家公司，如電子支付公PayPal、Tesla電動車、高速管道列車Hyperloop，及太空公司SpaceX。有人說，馬斯克是打造「未來人們生活下一個大事 (Next Big Thing)」的人。

HIGHLIGHT
此篇取自馬斯克接受矽谷知名創業加速Y Combinator的訪問，探討AI的發展以及人們現在應該要關注的事情。馬斯克一向對於AI不忌言，訪談中除了對AI表示擔憂之外，更提出人腦與AI的結合才能使人類免於被淘汰。

Interview:
你說過有五個面對未來最重要的課題。請問是哪五個呢？

(00:23)Well, first of all, I think if somebody is doing something that is useful to the rest of society, I think that's a good thing. Like, it doesn't have to change the world. If you make something that has high value to people... And frankly, even if it's something, if it's like just a little game or some improvement in photo sharing or something, if it has a small amount of good for a large number of people, I think that's fine.

首先，我認為一個人做對社會其他人有用的事情，那就是一件好事情。不必改變世界，只要對人產生好的價值。簡單地說，即使只是一個小遊戲、改善照片分享的功能等等，若能對大部分的人們產生一點點好的價值，那就是一件好的事情。

(00:55)Stuff doesn't need to change the world just to be good. But in terms of things that I think are most like to affect the future of humanity, I think AI is probably the single biggest item in the near-term that's likely to affect humanity.
不一定是要能改變世界的東西，才是好東西；但能改變世界的東西，也不一定是好東西。以此來說，我認為AI可能是短期內，唯一能影響人類的事情。

(1:09)So, it's very important that we have the advent of AI in a good way. If you could look into the crystal ball and to the future, you would like that outcome because it is something that could go wrong, as we've talked about many times. And so, we really need to make sure it goes right.
所以確保AI在正確的道路上非常重要的。如果你能從水晶球看到未來，那麼有些人可能喜歡這個結果，因為AI是一個可能會走偏的東西，正如我們多次談到的－必須確保它在正確的道路上。

(1:47)Right now, the most pressing item. Then, I would say anything to do with genetics. If you can actually solve genetic diseases, if you can prevent dementia or Alzheimer's or something like that with genetic reprograming, that would be wonderful. So I think genetics might be the sort of second most important item.
但如果說到現在是最緊迫的事情，那我會說遺傳學。 如果人真的能解決遺傳疾病，像是預防癡呆或老年癡呆症或類似的遺傳疾病，那會有多美好！ 所以我認為遺傳學是第二個重要的項目。

(2:13)And then, I think, having a high-bandwidth interface to the brain. We're currently bandwidth-limited. We have a digital tertiary [layer] self in the form of out email capabilities, our computers, phones, applications. We're practically superhuman. But we're extremely bandwidth-constrained in that interface between the cortex and that tertiary digital form of yourself. And helping solve that bandwidth constraint would be, I think, very important in the future as well.

再者，若能是提高大腦反應的頻寬也是一件非常重要的事情。人的思考很快，但是在無論透過語言或式文字的輸出都十分有限。若能有「大腦第三皮層」－將人工智慧連接大腦的新組成－也是「腦機接口」的地方，人類就是某種程度上的超人！可以擁有任何數位工具，像是手機、電腦或者其他應用程式的功能。但是，人腦與人工智慧接口的連接目前仍受到限制，而克服這個挑戰是對未來非常重要的。

(14:05)So I think if we can effectively merge with AI by improving the neural link between your cortex and your digital extension of yourself, which already, like I said, already exists, just has a bandwidth issue.
所以，倘若我們能有效地改進大腦皮層並與人工智慧（第三皮層）的連接，那麽就能有效地成為一個AI和人類的共生體。這樣的概念其實已經在我的新公司中實行（目前以治療腦神經疾病為主），不過還要克服大腦連接極度的問題。

(14:25)And then effectively you become an AI-human symbiote. And if that then is widespread, with anyone who wants it can have it, then we solve the control problem as well, we don't have to worry about some evil dictator AI because we are the AI collectively. That seems like the best outcome I can think of.
如果這樣的技術變得相當普遍，我們每個人都變成「人機共生」，那麼我們也可以解決AI失控的問題，不必擔心AI會統治世界、毀滅人類，因為我們是AI的集體，這是我目前能想到的最好的結果。

（採訪全文）

#學學馬斯克6大工作習慣：
1. Master of email ：盡可能避免接聽電話打亂行程，堅持用電子郵件。
2. Inaccessible on purpose：非必要人士則難以接近。
3. Always multitasking：所有公事都要能多工處理
4. Optimized agenda：五分鐘為單位的時間規劃
5. The flattened learning curve： 學習一定要探討「為什麼」
6. Just enough shuteye：每天睡六個小時

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