這些名詞哪裡不一樣

salary 固定薪水，多指月薪或年薪
Your salary will be paid on the first week of each calendar month. 薪水會於每個月第一周發放。 
wage 依工作時數等因素而調整的薪資，多指時薪、日薪、週薪
His wage is $5000 a week. 他的薪資是一週五千元。 


client 購買專業服務的客戶 
He is a famous lawyer with many clients. 他是擁有許多委託人的知名律師。 
customer 多指去店裡買東西的顧客 
She is one of our regular customers. 她是我們店裡的常客。 


holiday 個人假期或是國定假日、大家都放的假
The Fourth of July is a public holiday throughout the U.S. 七月四號是美國國定假日。 
vacation 個人假期，多指去旅行 
They went to L.A. for their vacation. 他們去加州度假。 


job 工作
I applied for a job in a marketing company. 我去一間行銷公司應徵工作。 
career 職業生涯，屬於長期的穩定規劃
Pete sacrificed his career for his family. Pete 為了家庭犧牲自己的職涯。 
occupation 工作的廣泛概念，文件表格中的「職業」欄位就是 occupation。 
In the space marked “occupation”, he wrote “graphic designer”. 他在職業欄填了平面設計師。 
profession 指需要專業技術的工作
John is an animator by profession. John 的工作是一名動畫師。 
vocation 帶來使命感的職業 
Most doctors regard their profession as a vocation, not just a job. 許多醫生將自己的職業視為使命，不單只是一份工作。


chance 意料之外、隨機發生的機會;機率
Please give me one more chance. 請再給我一次機會。
opportunity 用來達成目的的機會，通常是正面的
Thanks for giving me this job opportunity. 謝謝你給我這個工作機會。


difficulty 困難、困境 
I have difficulty getting along with my colleagues. 和同事相處對我來說有困難。 
dilemma 兩難，必須從中做出決定 
Sam was put in a dilemma, choosing between his career and his family. Sam為了選擇工作或家庭陷入兩難。 


boss 老闆
A boss gives orders. 老闆下指令。 
leader 領袖
A leader gives direction. 領袖指引方向。 


cause 導致某個結果的起因
The detective tried to figure out the cause of the fire. 警員要找出起火原因。 
reason 執行某行為的原因 
The reason I’m calling is to ask for help. 我打給你是為了要請你幫忙。


search 搜尋
After a long search, they finally found the missing child. 經過漫長搜索，他們終於找到走失的小孩。 
research （學術）研究
She has dedicated her life to cancer research. 她畢生致力於癌症研究。 


intelligence 聰明
Mr. Stinson is a man of very high intelligence. Stinson 先生是個非常聰明的人。 
wisdom 智慧
She always shares her words of wisdom with us. 她常和我們分享有智慧的話。 


battle 某個區域的戰役 
His brother died in the gun battle. 他的弟弟在槍戰中身亡。 
war 長時間、範圍大的戰爭  
They've been at war for the last ten years. 他們過去這十年都在戰爭中。 


climate 長時間的氣候狀態
I hate the terrible English climate. 我討厭英國糟糕的氣候。 
weather  短時間內的天氣 
The weather is nice! 天氣真好! 


floor 房子或建築物內的地板 
Jason is sitting on the floor, playing video games. Jason 坐在地上打電動。 
ground 室外的地面 
Snow covers the ground. 雪覆蓋地面。 


shade 陰涼處 
You can sit in the shade if it’s too hot. 如果太熱你可以坐在陰涼處。 
shadow 影子
Don’t step on my shadow! 不要踩在我的影子上。 


mistake 不小心的錯誤、失誤
I took your phone by mistake. 我不小心拿到你的手機。 
error 比 mistake 更正式、嚴重的錯誤;電腦系統錯誤 
There are many typing errors in this essay. 這篇論文有許多拼字錯誤。 
fault 人的過失、過錯，須負起責任或遭受責備
It’s my fault that our team lost the game. 比賽會輸都是我的錯。 


road 馬路、連接兩個點的路
Be careful when you cross the road. 過馬路小心點。 
street 兩旁有商店的街道
I live on the same street as my best friend. 我和好友住在同條街上。 
avenue 大道，比 street 規模更大的路
Fifth Avenue is a perfect choice for shopping. 第五大道是逛街的好選擇。 


bath 泡澡
I enjoy a hot bath after working overtime. 加班之後我喜歡泡個熱水澡放鬆。 
shower 淋浴
I take a shower every morning. 我每個早上都沖澡。 


door 長方形的門 
Open the door! 開門! 
gate 大門、柵欄門，多為金屬或是木頭材質
I’ll wait for you at the gate. 我會在大門口等你。 


coordination 協調
There's no coordination between the different departments. 不同部門之間毫無協調可言。 
cooperation 合作
He urged closer cooperation between all parties. 他積極力推所有黨派緊密合作。 


journalist 新聞工作者統稱，主播、專欄編輯、採訪記者、攝影記者都算 journalist 
Now she's a 66-year-old freelance journalist. 她現在是一名 66 歲的自由新聞工作者。 
reporter 新聞記者
He became a reporter for the Daily Mail. 他成為《每日郵報》的記者。 
anchor 新聞節目主播
Tom is a TV news anchor. Tom 是一名電視新聞主播。 


headline ( 報紙 ) 標題，由此可以判讀文章重點 
The headline read, ‘Dr. Einstein dead at 76’. 頭條寫著「愛因斯坦享壽 76 歲」。 
title 標題、題目、書名 
“Harry Potter” is the title of a novel by J.K. Rowling.《哈利波特》是作者 J.K Rowling 的小說名稱。 


immigrant 外地來本地的移民
She’s an immigrant from Australia. 她是澳洲來的移民。 
emigrant 由本地移居外地的移民 
He is an emigrant to Korea. 他移居韓國。 
migrant 持續不斷移居的人 
This city is full of migrants looking for work. 這個城市很多在找工作的移民。 


creativity 創意
This job requires creativity. 這份工作需要創意。 
invention 發明
The machine was Jim’s own invention. 這台機器是 Jim 的發明。 
innovation 創新
Our company needs a head of innovation. 我們公司需要一個創新領袖。 


empathy 同理心，能夠感同身受 
Jane is a doctor who has great empathy with her patients. Jane 是一位對病人充滿同理心的醫生。 
sympathy 同情心，為他人感到惋惜 
I don't have much sympathy for her. 我不太同情她。 


outcome 結果、後果
Do you know the outcome of the meeting? 你知道會議的結果嗎? 
output ( 人、機器、工廠等的 ) 產量 
We have doubled our output over the past three years. 過去三年我們加倍了產量。 


desert 沙漠
The Sahara is the largest desert in the world. 沙哈拉沙漠是世界最大的沙漠。 
dessert 甜點
I had cake for dessert. 我甜點吃了蛋糕。 


ice cream 冰淇淋
Baskin-Robbins is an American chain of ice cream and cake specialty shops. 31 冰淇淋是美國連鎖冰淇淋和蛋糕專賣店。 
popsicle 冰棒
What is your favorite popsicle flavor? 你最喜歡的冰棒口味是什麼?
shaved ice 剉冰 
Which would you like for dessert : ice cream, a popsicle or shaved ice? 甜點想來點什麼，冰淇淋、冰棒還是剉冰?


cloth 布料
I need five yards of cloth. 我需要五碼布。 
clothes 永遠是複數，多指平時穿的衣服
I have many clothes in my closet. 我的衣櫃裡有很多衣服。 
clothing 不可數名詞，衣物統稱，也可以表示特殊種類的衣服
You need some warm clothing. 你需要一些保暖衣物。 
outfit 整體穿搭 
I like your outfit today. 我喜歡你今天的穿搭。 

 

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本文摘錄自一張圖搞懂 刻意練習名詞 2019年03月號
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