【一張圖搞懂 形容詞】怎麼用形容詞最好

美國作家William Noble 有篇文章討論形容詞的用與不用,他說,為了美化句子而加的形容詞,不如不要:

目的只是裝飾、美化句子

“The house had an empty feeling to it, the air stale with undened kitchen odors.”
房子有種空虛感,腐壞的空氣伴隨廚房傳來的未知氣味。

“The dark, dreary house had an empty, suspicious feel to it, the thick air stale and sour with undened, scary kitchen odors ⋯”
黑暗又令人沮喪的房子有種空虛和懸疑感,空氣中是濃厚的腐壞酸臭味,伴隨廚房傳
來未知、令人害怕的氣味。

兩句話的意思基本上一樣,第二句過多的形容反而破壞了第一句的張力。Dark 和dreary,empty 和
suspicious,undened 和scary 各擇一其實就夠。

敘述缺乏臨場感

He is depressed.
他很沮喪。

|有多沮喪?|
He doesn't eat much and refuses to go out.
他吃得很少,且不肯出門。

He wrote a sincere letter, and she forgave him.
他寫了封誠懇的信,因此獲得她的原諒。

|有多誠懇?|
He wrote a letter about how foolish he was and how he didn't feel like himself when she wasn't around. Then, she forgave him.
他寫了封信,說自己是多麼愚蠢,沒有她在身邊,自己都不像自己了。於是她原諒了他。

目的是突顯「名詞無法突顯的細節」

|必要|
”He slipped into the darkened alley.”
他溜進那條暗巷。

|不必要|
”He slipped into the narrow alley.”
他溜進那條窄巷。

巷子可暗可亮,加上darkened( 昏暗的) 形容,我們對巷子有了想像;巷子一定是窄的而不是寬的,narrow( 狹窄的) 這個形容就顯得多餘。

目的是描述更精準

It was a very good meeting.

會議很好。

|怎樣個好法|
It was a productive meeting.
會議很有收穫。

|怎樣差|
It tastes bad.
味道很差。

It tastes bitter/sour/shy.
吃起來很苦/ 很酸/ 有腥味。

 

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