回首頁
「服務他人是你住地球應該付出的租金。」– 穆罕默德‧阿里 (拳擊手)
"Service to others is the rent you pay for your room here on earth." -- Muhammad Ali, Boxer
文章搜尋
最新消息
英語島Newsletter
天天閱讀英語島,在這裡感知世界,汲取英文的養分。
 

防疫英文懶人包

各項大考經常會結合時事出題,近期國際上面臨了豬瘟、流感以及新冠肺炎等許多傳染病。人人自危的同時,我們每天接收的防疫資訊,若換成英文該怎麼說、怎麼寫呢?跟著本期多益專欄一次全方位補充近期在新聞上大量出現的關鍵用字。

「戴」口罩,用wear 

你該戴口罩。

O You should wear a mask.

O You should put on a mask. 

wear除了有「穿」的意思,也可以用於「戴⋯⋯」的情境,比方說wear a hat戴帽子;戴口罩這個情境用put on也可以。另外補充,apply有塗抹的意思,而mask也可以指面膜,所以apply a mask是敷面膜的意思。

例句:Can wearing a face mask protect us from the new coronavirus? (戴口罩可以防新武漢肺炎病毒嗎?)

「擦」香水、「化妝」也用wear

He wears glasses for reading. (他看書時會戴眼鏡。)

He likes to wear heavy make-up. (他喜歡畫濃妝。)

What perfume are you wearing? (你擦的是什麼香水?)

疫情「爆發」,用outbreak

武漢肺炎病毒疫情爆發並持續擴散。

X The new coronavirus breakout is continuing to grow.

O The new coronavirus outbreak is continuing to grow.

outbreak是新聞常用字,可指疾病、危險或其他令人不愉快的事情的發作、暴發、突然發生,

比方說an outbreak of war戰爭的爆發。動詞片語break out雖也有突然開始的意思,但不常用於描述疾病、疫情,breakout這個字則是越獄的意思。

例句:The outbreak of war causes a huge impact on the stock market. (戰爭的爆發衝擊股市甚巨。)

疾病「傳染」,用spread

這個疾病的廣泛傳染令人擔憂。

X The infection of the disease has been alarming.

O The spread of the disease has been alarming.

spread可以當名詞或動詞,都有散佈、蔓延的意思,所以例句提到的病情傳染,用spread這個字。而infection指的是「感染」例如:Bandage the wound to reduce the risk of infection.包紮可以降低感染風險。

例句:Many common diseases spread by droplet transmission. (許多常見疾病透過飛沫傳染。)

這些情境也用spread

The fire spread very rapidly. (火勢迅速蔓延。)

Cancer spreads to other areas of the body. (癌症擴散到體內其他部分。)

Don’t spread rumors about the disease. (不要散佈關於這個疾病的謠言。)

居家「隔離」,用isolate, quarantine 

疫區居民被要求居家自我隔離。

O Residents in affected area are sent into quarantine at home.

O Residents in affected area are asked to self-isolate/self-quarantine at home.

isolate這個動詞有孤立、分離及隔離的意思,而quarantine則是比較專業的用法,指檢疫隔離,目前在新聞上都大量使用到這兩個字,居家隔離也可說成home quarantine。

例句:He was isolated from all the other patients. (他跟其他病人隔離開來。)

溫度「檢測」、自我「監控」,用monitor

有發燒症狀者須每日做溫度檢測。

X Those who has been experiencing fever should test their body temperature daily.

O Those who has been experiencing fever should monitor their body temperature daily.

monitor這個字當名詞可指螢幕、顯示器,而當動詞可以代表仔細監控或密切注意,所以出現症狀需居家自我監測健康狀況,可以用"self-monitoring"。test這個字最基本可以代表測驗、小考,也有檢測的意思,比方說an eye test視力檢查。

例句:The students who traveled to China were under "self-monitoring." (那些去過中國的學生都有自我監控。)

健康「篩檢」,用screen

去過中國的人需全數做肺炎篩檢

X All passengers who has been to China should be checked for pneumonia. (較不明確)

O All passengers who has been to China should be screened for pneumonia.

screen跟monitor都可以指螢幕,當動詞用也都有檢查的意思,但screen才帶有篩選、篩檢、檢查是否有哪裡出錯或不正常的意義,像健康篩檢我們就可以說是health screening,而check雖然也有檢查的意思,但在這個語境中相對較不明確。

例句:Women over 50 should be screened for breast cancer. (50歲以上的女性需做乳癌篩檢。)


本文摘錄自一張圖搞懂 2020年3月號
訂閱雜誌

 ▶ 一張圖搞懂停刊珍藏版

加入Line好友