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我以移民之子的身分對你們說: 不要背棄我們的鄰居

--Pope Francis' Address to the US Congress

教宗方濟各是史上首位非歐洲出身的教宗,上任以來對教廷做了多項改革,包括成立內部監察組織進行財政改革,成立專責委員會處理神職人員性侵事件,委任多名來自非洲、亞洲國家的樞機,使樞機院變得更國際化。

種種改革一洗過去教廷保守、腐敗的形象。2015年教宗方濟各訪問美國,拜訪國會山莊發表演說,他是史上首位在美國國會山莊發表演說的教宗,演說中談到難民問題、死刑議題及氣候變遷在難民議題上,他以移民後裔的身分呼籲人 們設身處地感受難民的需要。同時提到美國在氣 候變遷問題上扮演的重要角色。

【來自教宗方濟各的話】

 1、避免過於簡化非善即惡的世界

We know that no religion is immune from forms of individual delusion or ideological extremism. This means that we must be especially attentive to every type of fundamentalism, whether religious or of any other kind.
我們知道,沒有宗教對個人妄想或意識形態的極端主義免疫。這意味著,我們必須格外注意各種基本教義派,不論是宗教的還是其他形式。

A delicate balance is required to combat violence perpetrated in the name of a religion, an ideology or an economic system, while also safeguarding religious freedom, intellectual freedom and individual freedoms.

在打擊以宗教、意識形態或經濟體系之名的暴力同 時,還必須在保護宗教信仰自由、思想自由及個人自 由之間取得微妙的平衡。

But there is another temptation which we must especially guard against: the simplistic reductionism which sees only good or evil; or, if you will, the righteous and sinners.
但還有另一種誘惑,我們必須特別防範:就是非善即 惡、只有正義者和罪人的過份簡化的觀念。

 


 2、以移民之子身分呼籲將心比心對待難民

In recent centuries, millions of people came to this land to pursue their dream of building a future in freedom. We, the people of this continent, are not fearful of foreigners, because most of us were once foreigners.

幾個世紀以來,數百萬人來到這片土地,追求建立 一個自由未來的夢想。我們作為這片大陸上的 人,不害怕外來的人,因為我們大多數人曾經都是 外來的人。

I say this to you as the son of immigrants, knowing that so many of you are also descended from immigrants. Tragically, the rights of those who were here long before us were not always respected.

我以移民之子的身份對你們說,因為我知道你們很多人也是移民的後裔。可悲的是,那些比我們還早 居住在這裡的人,他們的權利總是得不到尊重。

For those peoples and their nations, from the heart of American democracy, I wish to reaffirm my highest esteem and appreciation. Those first contacts were often turbulent and violent, but it is difficult to judge the past by the criteria of the present. Nonetheless, when the stranger in our midst appeals to us, we must not repeat the sins and the errors of the past.

對於那些民族的人民,在這美國民主的心臟(指國會),我要重申對他們崇高的敬意和讚賞。起初的 接觸往往充滿混亂和暴力,但難以用現在的標準來判斷過去。然而,當我們身邊的陌生人向我們求助時,我們絕不能重覆過去的罪過和錯誤。

We must resolve now to live as nobly and as justly as possible, as we educate new generations not to turn their back on our "neighbors" and everything around us. 現在我們必須下定決心,盡力以高尚和公正的情操生活,教育下一代不要背棄我們的「鄰居」,和我們身邊的一切。

Building a nation calls us to recognize that we must constantly relate to others, rejecting a mindset of hostility in order to adopt one of reciprocal subsidiarity, in a constant effort to do our best. I am confident that we can do this.

建立國家要求我們認識到,我們必須不斷地與他人 交往,拒絕敵對心態,以便互相輔助,不斷努力做 到最好。我相信我們能做到這一點。

Our world is facing a refugee crisis of a magnitude not seen since the Second World War. This presents us with great challenges and many hard decisions.
我們的世界正面臨著自第二次世界大戰以來最大規 模的難民危機。這給我們很大的挑戰,我們得做許 多艱難的決定。

On this continent, too, thousands of persons are led to travel north in search of a better life for themselves and for their loved ones, in search of greater opportunities. Is this not what we want for our own children? We must not be taken aback by their numbers, but rather view them as persons, seeing their faces and listening to their stories, trying to respond as best we can to their situation. To respond in a way which is always humane, just and fraternal.
在這個大陸上也是如此,成千上萬的人北上尋求更好 的生活,為自己和親人尋找更多的機會。這不也是我 們想為自己的孩子做的嗎?我們不該被他們的人數嚇 倒,而應把他們視之為有血有肉的人,看著他們的面 容,聆聽他們的故事,嘗試盡一己之力,以充滿人 性、公正及兄弟之情的方式來回應他們。

We need to avoid a common temptation nowadays: to discard whatever proves troublesome. Let us remember the Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” (Mt 7:12). 我們需要避免一個時下常見的誘惑:放棄做任何麻煩的事情。讓我們記住這黃金法 則:「你們希望別人怎樣對待你,你也應當怎樣對待別人。 」(馬太福音7:12)。

#古巴歷史會面:We are brothers. 我們是兄弟。 - Pope Francis
天主教與俄羅斯東正教自1054年分裂千年後,東西兩 大教會領袖今年2月首度在古巴哈瓦那會面,教宗方濟 各對東正教牧首祈偉義(Patriarch Kirill)說:「 終於見面 了,我們是兄弟。這是上帝的旨意。 」雙方發表30點 共同聲明,呼籲重視在中東頻遭攻擊的基督徒安全。

 


 3、為什麼要廢除死刑?

This conviction has led me, from the beginning of my ministry, to advocate at different levels for the global abolition of the death penalty.
自我牧職以來,這一信念促使我在不同 層面倡導全球廢除死刑。

I am convinced that this way is the best, since every life is sacred, every human person is endowed with an inalienable dignity, and society can only benefit from the rehabilitation of those convicted of crimes. 我相信這是最好的,因為每一個生命都是神聖的,每一個 人都被賦予不可剝奪的尊嚴。只有當那些被判罪的人能改 過自身,社會才能受益。


 4、氣候變遷議題 美國應該有所作為

In Laudato Si', I call for a courageous and responsible effort to "redirect our steps" (ibid., 61), and to avert the most serious effects of the environmental deterioration caused by human activity. I am convinced that we can make a difference and I have no doubt that the United States ‒ and this Congress ‒ have an important role to play.
在《願你受讚頌》通諭中,我呼籲作出 勇敢和負責任的努力,「重新定位我們的 腳步」,並避免因人類活動引起的環境惡 化所帶來的最嚴重後果。我相信我們能 夠有所作為,也毫不懷疑地肯定,美國 以及國會可以發揮重要的作用。

Now is the time for courageous actions and strategies, aimed at implementing a “culture of care” (ibid., 231) and “an integrated approach to combating poverty, restoring dignity to the excluded, and at the same time protecting nature” (ibid., 139). 現在是時候以勇敢的行動和策略,實現「關懷文化」和 「一套完整的方法來對付貧窮,重拾被忽略者的尊嚴,同 時保護大自然 」。


 

#關於教宗方濟各

  • 教宗方濟各:教廷應對同性戀者道歉

If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge? (如果有人是同性戀,同時信仰上帝且一心向善, 我怎能對他們妄加評判?)

教宗方濟各上任以來,一反過去天主教廷對同性戀者的歧視與敵意,認為對於同性戀者應該給予尊重,並且不應該被邊緣化,招致保守派教徒批評。儘管天主教近年來對於離婚、再婚、同性戀 者表達善意,但教宗方濟各仍重申對於家庭的定義:「 應該由一個 男人與女人的婚姻所組成。 」

 

  • 被稱為人民的教宗

I prefer a church which is bruised, hurting and dirty because it has been out on the streets, rather than a church which is unhealthy from being confined and from clinging to its own security.

(我寧可教會受傷、變髒,因為這代表它真正走上街頭, 而不是侷限在自我的安全防護網內。)

教宗方濟各的聖號來自於亞西西的方濟各,這位13世紀 的聖徒以熱愛大自然、憐憫窮人的清貧形象著稱,也相 當符合教宗本人的特質,強調「謙卑」、 「濟貧」,走入人 群、擁抱信眾的「人民的教宗」。


 What people said about him….

“Rarely has a new player on the world stage captured so much attention so quickly - young and old, faithful and cynical - as has Pope Francis.” -Nancy Gibbs

2013年Time雜誌評選教宗方濟各為年度風雲人物,Time總編輯 Nancy Gibbs解釋: 「很少能看到一個剛接下國 際大位的人能夠像教宗方濟各一樣,這 麼快抓住大家的目光,不管是男女老少、虔誠信徒或是疑神論 者,大家都在關注他。

 

“The Pope transcends all of this. He appeals to our better angels and brings us back to our daily obligations. The best thing we can all do is listen, open our hearts to his message and reflect on his example.” -John Boehner

美國前眾議院議長John Boehner本身也是天主教徒,對教宗訪美國 會演說, 他忍不住激動拭淚, 「教宗超越了一切紛擾, 我們只要打開心房傾聽。


 本文收錄於英語島English Island 2016年8月號

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