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如何善用It引導話題方向

it除了可以作為代名詞外,也經常放在句首擔任虛主詞,代替原本過長的主詞,以免整個句子看起來頭重腳輕。以it引導的句子稱不上難,但稍不留意,還是可能出包。精選以下五例,請試試身手。

Debug

  1. People are usually hard to quit smoking. 人們通常很難戒菸。
  2. It's important that every kid gets adequate sleep. 每個孩子都能有足夠睡眠是很重要的。
  3. It reports that this plant can cure many diseases. 報導說這種植物可以治好很多病。
  4. It is I who is his mother, not you. 他的母親是我,不是妳。
  5. I find it is difficult to make friends with girls. 我覺得很難跟女孩子們做朋友。

Debugged

1. It is usually hard to quit smoking.

會忘記用it作為虛主詞的原因之一,是受到中文影響。「人們通常很難…」常被直譯成People are usually hard to…,但困難(hard)的事物不是人(people),而是戒菸這件事,因此真正的主詞是quit smoking,既然它被放在句尾,前面的主詞位置就應該放it,作為虛主詞。

2. It's important that every kid get adequate sleep.

這句出錯率高達九成!當使用important、essential、vital、crucial、necessary等含有「重要、必要」意思的單字時,it所引導的句型為「It is important + that + 主詞 + (should) + 原形動詞」。以本句為例,句中有個被省略的should,所以get必須用原形動詞。

3. It is reported that this plant can cure many diseases.

引述某報導、傳聞、他人看法時,常用「it is + reported/said/believed/rumored/hoped/suggested + that…」這樣的句型,語氣上較為客觀,注意句型中的動詞都必須是被動式。

4. It is I who am his mother, not you.

強調句型,把需要強調的部分(I)移到子句(who am his mother)前面。由於後方子句的真正主詞是I,因此動詞應是am,與主詞一致。

5. I find it difficult to make friends with girls.

本句中的it是虛受詞,所指的是後面to make friends with girls,difficult則是受詞補語;前錯誤例句多加動詞is,句子就會有兩個動詞。

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